Charles XV of Sweden & Carl IV of Norway (3 May 1826 ? 18 September 1872) was King of Sweden and Norway (Charles IV) from 1859 until his death. Though known as King Charles XV in Sweden, he was actually the ninth Swedish king by that name, as his predecessor Charles IX (Reigned 1604? 1611) had adopted a numeral according to a fi ctitious history of Sweden. As Crown Prince, Charles' brusque manner led many to regard his future accession with some apprehension, yet he proved to be one of the most popular of Scandinavian kings and a constitutional ruler in the best sense of the word. His reign was remarkable for its manifold and far-reaching reforms. Sweden's existing communal law (1862), ecclesiastical law (1863) and criminal law (1864) were enacted appropriately enough under the direction of a king whose motto was: Land skall med lag byggas - "With law shall the land be built". Charles was an advocate of Scandinavianism and the political solidarity of the three northern kingdoms, and his friendship with Frederick VII of Denmark, it is said, him to give half promises of help to Denmark on the eve of the war of 1864, which, in the circumstances, were perhaps misleading and unjustifi able. In view, however, of the unpreparedness of the Swedish army and the diffi culties of the situation, Charles was forced to observe a strict neutrality. He died in Malmö on 18 September 1872.